delicious recipe
resep masakan indonesia
resep masakan indonesia
Adi Sucipto News and Entertainment

Analytic Future Tense in Russian Romani as a Calque from Eastern Slavic

Kirill A. Kozhanov

Abstract


This paper discusses the development of the analytic future in Russian Romani. In this Romani dialect, an analytic future tense can be expressed by means of the two auxiliary verbs avéla ‘to come’ and léla ‘to take.’ This article argues that the development of this analytic future was induced by contact with Eastern Slavic languages. In Romani, the verb avéla also functions as the future form of the copula, thus its use as an auxiliary to derive future tense is a calque from the Slavic construction with the verb budu ‘I will.’ In the article it is argued that the use of the verb léla as an auxiliary is a “fossilized” calque from Old Russian, in which the verb jati ‘to take’ was, up to the 16th century, one of the main ways to derive the future tense. It is also shown that there is no clear semantic distinction between the two constructions, and that preference is given to one or the other depending on the areal variety or even idiolect. Finally, Soviet Romani literature offers interesting cases that demonstrate when the verb léla begins to function as a future tense copula.

Keywords


future tense; Romani; Russian Romani; Eastern Slavic languages; language contact; PAT(tern)-borrowings

References


Andersen H., “Slavic Periphrastic Futures. Divergence and Convergence,” in: K. Eksell, T. Vinther, eds., Change in Verbal Systems. Issues in Explanation, Bern, 2006, 9–45.

Bevzenko S. P., Istorychna morfolohiia ukraïnsʹkoï movy, Uzhhorod, 1960.

Boretzky N., “The ‘New’ Infinitive in Romani,” Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. 5th Series, 6, 1996, 1–51.

Boretzky N., “Grammatical Interference in Romani: Loan Formations for Foreign Categories,” Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 46 (3 4), 1999, 169 200.

Borkovskiy V. I., Kuznetsov P. S., Istoricheskaia grammatika russkogo iazyka, Moscow, 1963.

Cherenkov L. N., “Tsyganskaia dialektologiia v Rossii: sovremennoe sostoianie i zadachi,” in: K. A. Kozhanov, S. A. Oskolskaya, A. Yu. Rusakov, eds., Tsyganskii iazyk v Rossii. Sbornik materialov Rabochego soveshchaniia po tsyganskomu iazyku v Rossii: S.-Peterburg, 5 oktiabria 2012 g., St. Petersburg, 2013, 6–24.

Danylenko A., “Is There Any Inflectional Future in East Slavic? A Case of Ukrainian against Romance Reopened,” in: N. Motoki, ed., Grammaticalization in Slavic Languages: From Areal and Typological Perspectives, Sapporo, 2011, 147–177.

Danylenko A., “Ukrainian in the Language Map of Central Europe: Questions of Areal-typological Profiling,” Journal of Language Contact, 6, 2013, 134–159.

Friedman V. A., “Romani Te in a Balkan Context,” Językowe studia bałkanistyczne, 1, 1986, 39 48.

Heine B., Kuteva Т., World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, Cambridge, 2002.

Heine B., Kuteva Т., Language Contact and Grammatical Change, Cambridge, 2005.

Matras Y., Romani: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge, 2002.

Moldovan A. M., “K istorii fazovogo glagola statʹ v russkom iazyke,”Russkij jazyk v nauchnom osveshchenii (Russian Language and Linguistic Theory), 1 (19), 2010, 5–17.

Mróz L., Dzieje Cyganów-Romów w Rzeczypospolitej XV–XVIII w., Warszawa, 2001.

Nimchuk V. V., ed., Istoriia ukraïnsʹkoï movy: Morfolohiia, Kiev, 1978.

Palffy-Muhoray N., “Future Reference in Hungarian with and without Future Marking,” University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 19: 1, 2013, Article 17 (available online at: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol19/iss1/17; last accessed: 15.07.2016).

Rusakov A. Yu., “The North Russian Romani Dialect: Interference and Code Switching,” in: Ö. Dahl, M. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, eds., Circum-Baltic languages, 1, Amsterdam, Philadelphia, 2001, 313–337.

Sergievsky M. V., Tsyganskii iazyk. Kratkoe rukovodstvo po grammatike i pravopisaniiu, Moscow, 1931.

Smirnova-Seslavinskaya M. V., “Formirovanie ‘starozhilʹcheskogo’ tsyganskogo naseleniia i ego integratsiia v soslovnuiu sistemu Rossii v XVII–XVIII vv.,” in: H. Kyuchukov, E. Marushiakova, V. Popov, eds., Roma: Past, Present, Future, Munich, 2016 (in print).

Tenser A., “Northeastern Group of Romani Dialects” (Ph. D. thesis, University of Manchester, 2008).

Venttsel’ T. V., Tsyganskii iazyk (severnorusskii dialekt), Moscow, 1964.

Yurkovskiy M., “Slozhnoe budushchee vremia v ukrainskom iazyke XIV–XV vv.,” in: G. A. Khaburgaev, A. Bartoshevich, eds., Issledovaniia po glagolu v slavianskikh iazykakh: Istoriia slavianskogo glagola, Moscow, 1991, 101–113.

Yuryeva I. S., “The Infinitive Constructions with the Verbs Imamʹ and Imou in Old Russian Texts,” Russkij jazyk v nauchnom osveshchenii (Russian Language and Linguistic Theory), 2 (22), 2011, 68–88.

Zhovtobriukh M. A., Volokh O. T., Samiylenko S. P., Slyn’ko I. I., Istorychna hramatyka ukraïnsʹkoï movy, Kiev, 1980.

Zhuraŭski A. I., ed., Mova belaruskai pisʹmennastsi XIV–XVIII stst., Minsk, 1988.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2016 Kirill A. Kozhanov

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.