delicious recipe
resep masakan indonesia
resep masakan indonesia
Adi Sucipto News and Entertainment

Harald Sigurdsson and the Russo-Byzantine War of 1043

Oleksandr M. Fylypchuk

Abstract


The present article analyzes Kekaumenos’ commentary on the service of Harald Sigurdsson in the Byzantine army. Special attention is given to the composition of Consilia et Narrationes and the historiographic perception of this text. It then discusses Kekaumenos’ commentary in light of Harald’s adventures in the Haralds saga Siguðarsonar and the story about the attacks of Rus’ in the Byzantine literature. The author attempts to show that Constantine IX Monomachos tried to leave the large groups of mercenaries in Constantinople. Furthermore, the emperor’s attitude to Harald and his warriors was related to the events of Russo-Byzantine war in 1043. Constantine IX Monomachos dispersed these mercenaries into the themes. John Scylitzes wrote that the emperor put a guard over them to prevent them from inciting a rebellion. These arrests could explain Harald’s mysterious detention in the reign of Constantine IX Monomachos. It is possible to conclude that Harald’s detention was caused by the Russo-Byzantine war in 1043.

Keywords


Harald Sigurdsson; Kekaumenos; Constantine IX; Russo-Byzantine war

References


Andersson Th., “The Kings’ Sagas (Konungasogur),” in: C. Clover, J. Lindow, eds., Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Critical Guide, Ithaca, London, 1985, 197–238.

Birnbaum H., “Yaroslav’s Varangian Connection,” Scando-Slavica, 24/1, 1978, 5–25.

Blöndal S., “The Last Exploits of Harald Sigurdsson in Greek Service: A Chapter from the History of the Varangians,” Classica et Mediaevalia, 2, 1939, 1–26.

Blöndal S., “Quelques notes sur le mot polutasvarf,” Classica et mediaevalia, 4, 1941, 94–99.

Blöndal S., Benedikz B., The Varangians of Byzantium, Cambridge, 1978.

Bojcov M., Velichie i smirenie. Ocherki politicheskogo simvolizma v srednevekovoi Evrope, Moscow, 2009.

Ciggaar K., “Harald Hardrada: His Expedition against the Pechenegs,” Balkan Studies, XXI, 1980, 385–401.

Ciggaar K., Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962–1204, Leiden, New York, 1996.

Cheynet J.-Cl., “Les officiers étrangers de l’armée byzantine aux IXe–Xe siècles,” in: D. Barthelémy and J.-C. Cheynet, eds., Guerre et société au Moyen Âge Byzance-Occident (VIIIe – XIIIe siècle), Paris, 2010, 43–64.

Damico H., “The Voyage to Byzantium: The Evidence of the Sagas,” Vizantiiskii vremennik, 56, 1995, 107–117.

Finlay A., ed., Fagrskinna. A Catalogue of the Kings of Norway, Leiden, Boston, 2004.

Giuzelev V., “Bolgara Brennir: norvezhkiiat konung Kharald Khardradi (1016–1066),” in: D. Grigorova, ed., Rusiia v otrazheniiata na istoriiata: v pamet na prof. Emil Mikhailov, Sofia, 2012, 11–19.

Glazyrina G. V., “Svidetelʹstva drevneskandinavskikh istochnikov o brake Kharalʹda Surovogo i Elizavety Iaroslavny,” in: Vneshniaia politika Drevnei Rusi: Iubileinye chteniia, posviashchennye 70-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia chlena-korrespondenta AN SSSR Vladimira Terentʹevicha Pashuto, Moscow, 1988, 14–16.

Gurevich A. Ia., Steblin-Kamenskii M. I., trans., Snorri Sturluson, Krug Zemnoi, Moscow, 1980.

Hendy M., “Michael IV and Harald Hardrada,” The Numismatic Chronicle, 10, 1970, 87–97.

Jackson T. N., Chetyre norvezhskikh konunga na Rusi: iz istorii russko-norvezhskikh politicheskikh otnoshenii poslednei treti X – pervoi poloviny XI, Moscow, 2002.

Jackson T. N., “Elizaveta Iaroslavna, koroleva norvezhskaia,” in: Vostochnaia Evropa v istoricheskoi retrospektive: K 80-letiiu V. T. Pashuto, Moscow, 1999, 63–71.

Jackson T. N., Islandskie korolevskie sagi o Vostochnoi Evrope. Teksty, perevod, kommentarii, Moscow, 2012.

Litavrin G. G., trans., Kekavmen, Sovety i rasskazy, St. Petersburg, 2003.

Litavrin G. G., “Psell o prichinakh poslednego pokhoda russkikh na Konstantinopolʹ v 1043 g.,” Vizantiiskii vremennik, 27, 1967, 71–84.

Litavrin G. G., “Voina Rusi i Vizantii v 1043 g.,” in: Issledovaniia po istorii slavianskikh i balkanskikh narodov, Moscow, 1972, 178–222.

Litavrin G. G., Vizantiia, Bolgariia, Drevniaia Rusʹ (IX – nachalo XII v.), St. Petersburg, 2000.

Magnusson M. & Palsson H., eds., King Harald’s Saga: Harald Hardradi of Norway, Hammondsworth, 1966.

Nazarenko A. V., Drevniaia Rusʹ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kulʹturnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX–XII vv., Moscow, 2001.

Oikonomidès N., Fiscalité et exemption fiscale à Byzance (IXe–XIe s.), Athens, 1996.

Poppe A., Państwo i kościol na Rusi, Warszawa, 1968.

Pricak O. J., Pokhodzhennia Rusi, 2: Starodavni skandynavsʹki sahy i stara Skandynaviia, Kiev, 2003.

Roueché CH., “Defining the Foreign in Kekaumenos,” in: Strangers to Themselves: The Byzantine Outsider. Papers from the Thirty-Second Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Aldershot, 2000, 203–214.

Shafer J., Saga-Accounts of Norse Far-Travellers, Durham (UK), 2010.

Shepard J., “A Note on Harold Hardrada: The Date of His Arrival at Byzantium,” Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, 22, 1973, 145–150.

Shepard J., “Why Did the Russians Attack Byzantium in 1043?,” Byzantinisch-Neugriechischen Jahrbücher, 22, 1978–1979, 147–212.

Shepard J., “Middle Byzantine Military Culture, Harald Hardrada and Tall Stories,” in: Visy druzhby: Sbornik statei v chestʹ T. N. Jackson, Moscow, 2011, 473–482.

Stender-Petersen A., “Études varègues. I: Le mot varègue polutasvarf,” Classica et Mediaevalia, 3/1, 1940, 1–19.

Turville-Petre G., Haraldr the Hard-Ruler and His Poets, London, 1968.

Vasiliev A., “The Opening Stages of the Anglo-Saxon Immigration to Byzantium in the Eleventh Century,” Seminarium Kondakovianum, 9, 1937, 39–70.

Zlatarski V., Istoriia na bŭlgarskata dŭrzhava prez srednite vekove, 2, Sofia, 1934.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2014 Oleksandr M. Fylypchuk

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.